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Unknown Soldiers / Unsung Heroes: Youth Activism in the St. Louis Civil Rights Movement Oral History Project Transcripts

 Collection
Identifier: A3175

Scope and Contents

The collection contains oral history interview transcripts, interview summaries and context synopses, topics indexes, biographical information and family history forms, and other documentation relating to the Unknown Soldiers/Unsung Heroes Oral History Project. Additionally, there are items such as leaflets and yearbook pages provided by some interviewees to help tell their stories. Gwen Moore, historian at the Missouri Historical Society, conducted all 17 interviews in 2004 and 2005. The files are arranged alphabetically by interviewee name. The interviews often began with questions about family and personal history and then addressed the interviewees’ awareness of the racial climate. Discussions revolved around motivations for joining CORE and the NAACP Youth Council, training and philosophy, activities and demonstrations, other individuals in the organizations, and the impact the involvement in civil rights demonstrations had upon their lives. The CORE interviews are particularly rich in detail concerning motivations, organizational philosophy and structure, training, and activities. The five Elizabeth White Garlington interviews differ from the other interviews. She was not a member of CORE, nor was she a student at the time of the activities, but she was active in civil rights and professional organizations for decades. Garlington was a life-long member of the NAACP and moved to St. Louis in the 1930s to work as a social worker. African American social workers in St. Louis either moved to St. Louis from other cities, like Garlington, or they left St. Louis to earn their degrees as Washington University did not allow Black people to enroll in its School of Social Work. Garlington worked with young people in the NAACP’s ACT-SO (Afro-American Academic Cultural, Technological, and Scientific Olympics) program in the early 1970s.

Dates

  • 2004-2005

Creator

Conditions Governing Access

The collection is open for research use.

Conditions Governing Use

For permission to publish, quote from, or reproduce material in this collection, please contact the Archives Reference Desk at archives@mohistory.org. Copyright restrictions may apply. The researcher assumes full responsibility for conforming to the laws of copyright.

Historical Sketch

In the Unknown Soldiers / Unsung Heroes Oral History Project, the Missouri Historical Society examined the participation of young people in St. Louis’s civil rights movement. The project focused on the role of the St. Louis Committee of Racial Equality (CORE) for a 10-year period beginning in 1948, and the activism by a group of high school students in the NAACP Youth Council in 1960 and 1961. Both groups primarily targeted segregated eating facilities. In 2007, the Missouri Historical Society published a set of three teachers' manuals, Liberty’s Legacies: Historical Perspectives on Liberty, Equality, and Reform, one of which was based upon this oral history project: Unknown Soldiers / Unsung Heroes: Youth Activism in the St. Louis Civil Rights Movement, 1948-1961: A Teacher Resource Manual (MHS Library: St.L / 323.1 / Un58). It included a timeline of significant events in the St. Louis civil rights struggle from 1936 to 1968. The manual also contained interview excerpts, reproductions of significant documents, and biographical information for eleven of the twelve people interviewed. The St. Louis Committee of Racial Equality (CORE) began in 1947 with a group of primarily progressive college students, mostly from Washington University, Intergroup Youth high school students, and teachers interested in racial justice. The integrated group was greatly influenced by Bernice Fischer and the teachings of Gandhi. It worked persistently to end segregation in restaurants, hotels, and in employment practices. The teacher resources manual provided a brief history of the lesser-known NAACP Youth Council: "The NAACP Youth Council dates to 1937 when the adult membership saw the need to develop youth leadership. By 1958 the St. Louis group was defunct when the Youth Council President William L. Clay, Sr., in a rift with the adult body, left the NAACP. The bulk of the Youth Council left with him and together they joined CORE transforming the small group onto a mass organization. Two years later in 1960, local NAACP President Margaret Bush Wilson revived the Youth Council. This new Council consisted largely of high school students, mostly from Vashon [High School]." (p.28)

Extent

0.5 Cubic Feet ( (1 box))

Language of Materials

English

Arrangement

The transcripts are arranged alphabetically by interviewee name.

Physical and Technical Requirements

There are no physical or technical restrictions.

Donor Information

The transcripts were transferred to the Archives in 2017 .

Related Materials

For audio recordings of the 17 interviews, please consult the Moving Image and Sound Collections Department.

For more information on St. Louis CORE and Elizabeth White Garlington, please also see the following resources at the Missouri Historical Society: 1. Victory Without Violence: The First Ten Years of the St. Louis Committee of Racial Equality (CORE), 1947-1957 by Mary Kimbrough and Margaret W. Dagen, 2000. (MHS Library: St.L / 323.1 / K49v) 2. Yvonne A. Rosen Papers (A3162), MHS Archives (Victory Without Violence editorial committee). 3. Strong Seed Planted Oral History Collection (A3072), MHS Archives. 4. Billie Ames Teneau CORE Papers (A3165), MHS Archives. 5. Elizabeth White Garlington Papers, 1961-2004 (A3179, MHS Archives.

Bibliography

For more biographical information on Elizabeth White Garlington, please see: Horne, Malaika. “A Soldier Marching Toward Full Racial Equality.” History Happens Here, Missouri Historical Society, March 1, 2018. https://mohistory.org/blog/a-soldier-marching-toward-full-racial-equality

Processing Information

Processed with funding from The Stuart Foundation, Inc. by Kristina Perez, 2021.

Creator

Title
Unknown Soldiers / Unsung Heroes: Youth Activism in the St. Louis Civil Rights Movement Oral History Project Transcripts
Status
Completed
Author
EAD by Kristina Perez using ArchivesSpace
Date
2021
Description rules
Describing Archives: A Content Standard
Language of description
English
Script of description
Latin

Repository Details

Part of the Missouri Historical Society Library and Research Center Repository

Contact:
225 S. Skinker Blvd.
St. Louis MO 63105 United States
314-746-4510