Dr. Antoine Saugrain was born February 17, 1763, in Versailles, France. He was the son of Claude Marin Saugrain, a bookseller and publisher. Antoine was educated in Paris and studied the natural sciences. In 1783, Saugrain was appointed by King Charles II of Spain to survey the mineral resources of Central and South America. In 1786, he was sent to study the natural history of the Ohio Valley. During this expedition, Saugrain was briefly captured by Indians, but managed to escape and return to Philadelphia. For his scientific work, Saugrain received a Nina Madallion from Benjamin Franklin. Saugrain made a brief return to Paris before returning to America to assist in the establishment of a colony in Ohio. He lived among the colonists at Gallipolis, Ohio, before moving to Lexington, Kentucky. Saugrain studied the inoculation process and became well known for inoculating patients against diseases such as smallpox. He performed physical and chemical experiments including the use of electric batteries. In 1799, Saugrain was persuaded by the Spanish governor of Louisiana to settle in St. Louis and begin practice. After the transfer of the Louisiana Territory to the United States in 1804, he was appointed to serve as the surgeon at Fort Bellefontaine, north of St. Louis. He is regarded as the first scientist and physician of the Mississippi Valley. Dr. Saugrain died in 1820. John Waddell was born in 1836, and married Rosalie Saugrain, granddaughter of Dr. Antoine Saugrain. Waddell was an assistant engineer for the North Missouri Railroad before enlisting in the Confederate army in 1861. He was commissioned as a brigade commissary major on November 1, 1862, and served under Brigadier General Daniel M. Frost before being transferred to Marmaduke's Brigade of the Missouri Cavalry. He was captured on the Little Osage River in western Missouri during Sterling Price's raid in 1864. Waddell was held prisoner at Johnson's Island Prison Camp on Lake Erie until he was transferred to a prison in New Orleans in 1865. He was released in the same year. He died April 20, 1922, in Sedalia, Missouri.